Disease resistance refers to the ability of a plant to restrict, slow down, or ward off infection and spread of a pathogen or disease. There are several ways plants can develop disease resistance:
- Genetic resistance - Some plants have genes that provide resistance to specific pathogens passed down from parent plants. These genes code for receptors that recognize disease organisms and trigger defense responses.
- Induced resistance - Exposure to a pathogen can activate the plant's immune system defenses against further attacks. This "immunization" effect lasts for a period of time.
- Physical barriers - The structure and features of some plants make it harder for pathogens to penetrate them, like thicker cell walls in bark or waxy coatings on leaves.
There are two main types of genetically-based disease resistance in plants:
- Vertical resistance - Complete resistance to specific strains or races of a pathogen. This resistance often breaks down over time as the pathogen evolves.
- Horizontal resistance - Partial resistance that protects against all genetic variants or races of the pathogen. This more durable resistance limits but does not completely prevent infections.
Breeding for increased disease resistance is an important goal for plant scientists and growers. However, there are challenges:
- It can be difficult to transfer resistance traits that involve multiple genes acting together.
- Resistant varieties may have lower yield potential or poorer quality.
- Pathogens evolve to break down resistance - an ongoing battle!
Regular soil testing and
balanced fertility also help boost plants' natural defenses against infection. Our clinic offers complete soil health and
nutrient testing services to help growers strengthen crops against diseases. Preventative
foliar sprays with minerals and biostimulants can also help reduce pathogen pressure during critical growth stages. Contact
Revive Hormone Institute today to learn more about our integrated crop health packages!
Overall, breeding disease-resistant cultivars and managing crops to maximize their genetic and induced resistance is key to reducing reliance on pesticides and losses from plant diseases. There are often trade-offs to consider between resistance and other traits, however, and an integrated approach is essential. Pathogens can adapt quickly - the quest for durable, broad-spectrum disease resistance continues!